![]() With an innovative and clear tutorial based approach, this powerful book provides readers with a comprehensive introduction to all of the fundamental areas of engineering analysis they are likely to require either as part of their studies or in getting up to speed fast with the use of ANSYS software in working life. The best way to learn complex systems is by means of hands-on experience. The paper describes the rubber properties, test methods and test procedures which can help engineers to develop and select rubber compounds without using the dynamic seal bench test.įor all engineers and students coming to finite element analysis or to ANSYS software for the first time, this powerful hands-on guide develops a detailed and confident understanding of using ANSYS's powerful engineering analysis tools. Using both standard ASTM and new methods for measuring the change in rubber properties during oil immersion aging, correlation were established between the kinetics of such changes and seal life. During investigation of the sealing mechanism performed by Chicago Rawhide for many years the basic rubber properties responsible for seal life have been established. Unfortunately, from decades of long experience, engineers know that the real life time of elastomeric parts cannot be derived from these currently used specifications and test methods. ![]() These test methods are mostly related to single point measurement. In the USA and in most European countries these specifications are based on ASTM D 2000, and in Japan the specifications are based on JIS-B 2402. Currently to select rubber compounds the automotive industry uses different specifications. Predictive life determination of elastomer compounds is becoming increasingly important due to shortened development time and reductions in cost. The worn of the brake pad to about 25% of the frictional material led to emission red light which signifies that the pads need to be replaced. The brake pad material worn to about 50% of its original thickness value indicated that the sensor has been contacted with the rotor thereby causing a closed circuit, on this basis, the LED energized to emit an amber appearance signifying that the pad should be replaced soon. The test results indicated that, during normal operating condition, the Tri-colour LED emits green colour signifying that the brake pad is in good condition. The hardware components include the microcontroller, contact sensor, battery, communication PC cable, capacitors and Tri-colour LED indicator while the software components include Mikro C Pro (to write the program and compile it). The research approach involved development of both hardware and software components of the sensor. In this study, a non-disposable brake pad sensor was design and fabricated to enable imminent failure alert in order to reduce the risk of road accidents. The braking system is very important components in the motor vehicle without which the vehicle could possibly result in road accident.
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